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Spring cavefish
The spring cavefish (''Forbesichthys agassizii'') is the only member of the genus ''Forbesichthys'' and is one of six species in the family Amblyopsidae. This species is listed as state endangered in Missouri, but it is considered to be of least concern by the IUCN Red List due to its relatively large population size and number of subpopulations. The spring cavefish inhabits caves, springs, spring runs, and spring seeps. It is subterranean, emerging at dusk and retreating underground an hour or two before dawn. The species is located within areas of the central and southeastern United States. It stays underground after dawn, but then emerges into surface waters at dusk. They are a carnivorous fish and are well adapted to their environment. The species' breeding behavior is rarely documented. Spawning occurs underground and in darkness between January and April. The status and distribution of cave-obligate species is incomplete or lacking entirely, which makes conservation and management decisions difficult. Kentucky and Missouri are the two main states that have their agencies managing this species in some way.
==Geographic distribution==
Originally found in a deep well in Lebanon, Tennessee, the spring cavefish is distributed within the central and southeastern United States.〔Hill, L.G. 1969. ''Feeding and Food Habits of the Spring Cavefish,'' Chologaster agassizi. American Midland Naturalist:83:110-116.〕 It inhabits select springs, spring runs/seeps, and caves from central and western Kentucky, west towards the Tennessee River, to south central Tennessee. It also is located in areas west across southern Illinois to southeastern Missouri.〔Page, L.M. and B.M. Burr. 1991. ''A field guide to freshwater fishes of North America north of Mexico''. Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston. 432 pp.〕
The spring cavefish's distribution has decreased from within its original streams and springs. This species is affected by the activities on the surface of the ground. Any activity that reduces water quality or quantity affects the spring cavefish. It is vulnerable to pollution from many different sources. Some of these sources include nearby agricultural fields, pastures, septic tanks, sewage lagoons, urban runoff, mines, and livestock waste.〔Missouri Department of Conservation. 2000. Policy Coordination Section.〕 Some of the springs fluctuate drastically in flow and turbidity as a result of direct connections with surface drainage or they were enclosed as water supplies or otherwise modified by man.〔Poly, W.J., and C.E. Boucher. 1996. ''Nontroglobitic Fishes in Caves: Their Abnormalities, Ecological Classification and Importance.'' American Midland Naturalist: 136:187-198.〕
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